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1 Verbs

1.7 The passive form

Verbs are most frequently used in the active form. In the active form the subject performs the action described by the verb.

Pigen spiser et æble. The girl eats an apple.

Pigen is the subject and spiser is the verb in the active form. The verb also has a passive form. In the passive form the subject is not active but passive.

Et æble spises af pigen. An apple is eaten by the girl.

Et æble is the subject, spises is the verb in the passive form and af pigen is a prepositional phrase. Et æble is the subject, but of course it is not active.

The passive may be formed in two ways. Either by adding an -s at the end of the verb, or by using a form of to be and a past participle.

The passive form with the ending -s is used when the action described is a general phenomenon or something that happens frequently. This form is used in work instructions. If we are in the present, we add the ending -s to the infinitive. If we are in the past, we add an -s to the ending of the past tense form.

Grøntsagerne koges i 15 min.

The vegetables are boiled for 15 mins.

Stoffet sys sammen i siderne. The material is sewn together at the sides.
Postkassen tømtes kl. 9. The postbox was emptied at 9.00.

The passive form that has at blive plus a past participle (see 1.5 Present perfect) is used when we talk about an action that only happens once. In the spoken lanuage, blev, and not -s, is used most often when we are in the past, even though we talk about something that has happened many times.

Et æble bliver spist af pigen. An apple is being eaten by the girl.
Et æble blev spist af pigen. An apple was eaten by the girl.

Comparison:
In English, as opposed to Danish, the passive can only be formed in one way. The passive is formed by using a form of to be plus a past participle.

Questions of understanding

 

1 Udsagnsord

1.7 Passivform

Alle udsagnsord er for det meste i aktivform. Aktivform vil sige, at det er grundleddet, der laver det, som udsagnsordet fortæller om.

Pigen spiser et æble.

Pigen er grundleddet, og spiser er udsagnsordet i aktivform. Udsagnsord findes også i passivform. Passivform vil sige, at grundleddet ikke er aktivt, men passivt.

Et æble spises af pigen.

Et æble er grundleddet, og spises er udsagnsordet i passivform, og af pigen er en forholdsordsforbindelse. Et æble er grundled, men er selvfølgelig ikke aktivt.

Passiv kan dannes på to måder. Enten ved at sætte endelsen -s på udsagnsordet eller med en form af at blive og kort tillægsform.

Passiv med endelsen -s bruges, når noget er generelt og sker ofte. Denne form bruges i arbejdsanvisninger. Hvis det er nutid, sættes endelsen -s på navnemåden. Hvis det er datid tilføjes endelsen -s til datidsformen.

Grøntsagerne koges i 15 min.
Stoffet sys sammen i siderne.
Postkassen tømtes kl. 9.

Passiv med en form af at blive og kort tillægsform (se 1.5 Førnutid) bruges, når der er tale om en handling, som kun sker en gang. I talesprog bruges oftest blev, når det er datid og ikke -s, selvom der er tale om en handling, som sker mange gange.

Et æble bliver spist af pigen.
Et æble blev spist af pigen.

Forståelses-spørgsmål Øvelser Sammenligninger